Khachatur Abovyan Armenian State Pedagogical University
RUSSIAN LITERATURE DISPUTE IN ARMENIA (According to series of conferences "Russian and national literature")
This article defines the role of outstanding scientist of Armenia M. D. Amirhanyan at unification of multinational cultural and scientific community, and briefly summarizes «Russian and national literature» scientific conferences held within armenian-russian cultural dialogue.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irina Priorova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
FEATURES OF THE RHYTHM OF THE PROSE OF “ANNA KARENINA” BY L. N. TOLSTOY
The rhythm of prose has become the subject of active attention of Russian and foreign researchers. Such studies allow us to revise fundamentally the theory and the history of prose. However, it is necessary to identify the specifics of the prose texts of different authors. In the discussion of the works of L. N. Tolstoy, starting with their first readers, issues of content came to the fore, and much less often the problems of poetics were discussed. The article analyzes some features of the rhythm of the novel "Anna Karenina" and reveals the principles of dynamic deployment of rhythm in such a unit of text as an episode. A complex changes of rhythms are associated with the psychological characteristics of the characters and form the structure of the novel; subjugates the reader and determines an important quality of Tolstoy's prose – its suggestiveness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Liya Bushkanets https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
“DIVINE LANGUAGE” OF ARMENIA! BORDERS OF THE “WORLDS” OF A. BITOV'S CREATIVITY
The article analyzes the principles of modeling of Culture through the letter “semantic Universe” of the Armenian alphabet in the works of the Russian writer A. Bitov. The author explores the world-accepting and peacemaking beginning of the dialogue of cultures and consciousnesses in “Lessons of Armenia” in the context of Russian literature of the ХХth century, referentially fixing the same letter signs of national histories associated with the narrative of the twentieth century catastrophe. Based on the works of A. Bitov, P. Aleshkovsky, Hamid Ismailov, Sukhbat Aflatuni, the letter connotations of the image of the transcultural world are traced – “one's own through someone else's / someone else's through one's own”.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gulchira Garipova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
20th CENTURY LITERATURE AND PERSONALITIES: M. O. AUEZOV AND S. K. DARONYAN
This article explores the long-standing creative collaboration between the renowned Armenian literary scholar S.K. Daronyan (1925–1990) and the prominent Kazakh writer, literary critic, and folklorist M.O. Auezov (1897–1961). Their first meeting took place in Moscow during the inauguration of the Department of Literature of the Peoples of the USSR. Later, S.K. Daronyan would rightfully consider himself primarily as the editor of the Kazakh classic’s major work — the masterpiece The Path of Abai — as well as of numerous publications related to Kazakh literature.
Copyright (c) 2026 Marzhan Zhapanova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
FIGURATIVE AND SEMANTIC EQUIVALENCE IN THE ASPECT OF TROPOLOGY (ON THE MATERIAL OF RUSSIAN POETRY)
The article deals with the phenomenon of figurative and semantic equivalence in relation to the traditional system of tropes. The author proceeds from the postulate about the inseparability of tropology and the phenomenon of creativity on a high world outlook level. On the material of comparative analysis of poetic texts by M.Y. Lermontov, A.A. Blok, F.I. Tyutchev, I.F. Annensky the tropological status of poetic equivalents is revealed. Theoretical and methodological significance
Copyright (c) 2026 Larisa Zharavina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
HOW CHEKHOV REWROTE TOLSTOY (the creative experience of Leo Tolstoy in the works of Anton Chekhov)
In this article, the author attempts to show by comparing two episodes from Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" and Chekhov's short story "Boys" how Chekhov, studying Tolstoy's manner, writes a "second layer" of Tolstoy's episode, going into another narrative.
Copyright (c) 2026 Natalia Ivanovа https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
ARCHETYPE IMAGES IN THE CYCLE OF NADEZHDA CHERNOVA "KUDYKINY GORY"
The article is devoted to the work of the modern Kazakhstani prose writer N. Chernova. The object of analysis is the cycle of stories "Kudykiny Gory". The main component of the poetics of the text is folklore and mythological plots, motifs and images-archetypes. The author skillfully combines modern storytelling and oral poetic traditions, which determines a close connection between the past and the present, reality and fantasy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Isina Nurikamal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
«EXTERNAL» AND «INTERNAL» MUSIC OF FICTION
In the article, the «external» musicality of fiction is understood as a characteristic of musical works, which serves as an objective illustration of the era, social and everyday life. «Internal» musicality arises as a result of similarity between music and literature. In artistic prose there is an interesting and subtle edge of the transition of «external» musicality in «internal». The remarkable musical pages of many works of Russian classics are culminating in the description of a sudden love, sometimes not yet realized by the heroes. Tolstoy, Goncharov, Turgenev's novels include musical scenes and episodes that have important plot, characterological and psychological properties. However, a fully musical novel with all its inherent properties could be created only in the paradigm of romanticism. One such notable example was a novel by George Sand's La Dernière Aldini (1838). Music, singing, voice play a primary role in it, determining the composition, plot development, typology of characters, their speech portraits up to the rhythm of phrases.
Copyright (c) 2026 Olga Kafanova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
«VERBLESSNESS» IN THE POETRY OF B. L. PASTERNAK AND A. A. FET
This article examines the stylistic features of Afanasy Fet's poetry. It is noted that Afanasy Fet's lyric poetry in many of its manifestations paved the way for the emergence and development of symbolism and influenced the rise of other literary movements in the mainstream of the Silver Age. Afanasy Fet is considered an innovative poet who enriched the rhythmic and metric structure of Russian poetry. The comparative method of scientific research made it possible to compare the poetry of Boris Pasternak with the poetry of Afanasy Fet, in particular, the “verbless” poems of both poets. The article notes that Fet's appearance in Russian poetry is associated with impressionistic landscape lyric poetry, with the poetry of fleeting moments, captured in the famous verbless poem “Whisper, timid breathing...”. The aim of the work is to reveal the enormous influence that Fet’s lyric poetry, and especially his “verbless poems,” had on the poets of the “Silver Age,” in particular on the lyric poetry of Boris Pasternak. Fet was called an impressionist in poetry, and the poetic work of Boris Pasternak is likened to Fet’s later period: religious-philosophical, spiritual, prophetic. The article states that B. Pasternak and A. Fet are connected by a “flood of feelings,” a “bird’s flight,” and Pasternak’s poem “The Definition of Poetry” is cited as an example. The famous verbless poem by Fet, "This morning, this joy," is well known. Let us note that Fet’s verbless definitions refer to spring, while Pasternak’s verbless definitions refer to poetry. It is noted that “verbless” poems are especially musical. Fet’s verbless style, like the one of Pasternak’s, was connected with the ability to capture the momentary impressions of life, fleeting sensations. In B. Pasternak’s poem “In everything I want to get to the very essence,” these elusive moments are named and designated. The article states that the theme of verblessness was developed by many poets of the Silver Age. According to G. Ivanov, verblessness is the poverty of a fading dawn. G. Ivanov wrote: “I love hopeless peace.” However, Fet’s verblessness is not a lack of hope, but the fragility and tenderness of existence, and B. Pasternak reacts to verblessness in the same way. Thus, the influence of A. Fet’s poetry on the poetic work of B. Pasternak is connected, first of all, with the era of the Silver Age, since it was the Symbolists who first spoke about the continuity of Fet’s poetry and the poetry of the Symbolists.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tamara Melikyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
MUSICAL REPERTOIRE IN THE WORKS OF F.M. DOSTOEVSKY
The purpose of this research is to analyze the musical repertoire of F.M. Dostoevsky, to determine the role and functions of music in the context of the writer's prose. The object of study is the stories and novels of the writer. The subject of this research is understanding the role of music in the context of F.M. Dostoevsky. Methods for studying the material are comparative analysis, historical and cultural interpretation. As a results of the study, the musical repertoire of F.M. Dostoevsky in the range from early to late works of the writer, the role and functions of music in his works are determined.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurmanova Zhanna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
VELIMIR KHLEBNIKOV’S WORLD LANGUAGE OF THE FUTURE
The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of Velimir Khlebnikov’s “stellar language” or the world language of the future, a unique theoretical and creative project aimed at creating a new world language. The study covers the historical context and theoretical basis of this language, examines its structural features, as well as its connection with Khlebnikov’s theory of time. The article analyzes the relationship of the stellar language with other linguistic concepts of Khlebnikov, such as the transrational language and the language of numbers, as well as its relationship to ancient, primitive language and the language of music, demonstrating its large-scale ambitions and complexity. The aim of the article is also to analyze the word creation of Velimir Khlebnikov. The object of the study is the poems of Velimir Khlebnikov. During the study, the poems of Velimir Khlebnikov are examined and analyzed. The term “stellar language” belongs to the poetic system of Velimir Khlebnikov. It corresponds to the metaphorical concepts of “universal language”, “world language”, “alphabet of the mind”. Very close to it is also the internal declension, together with which this term forms a constitutive characteristic of the broader concept of universal language. Its generic concept is the transrational language or the poetics of naked sonority with the slogans of the self-existent word, the self-containedness of the word, the word as such, the letter as such, characteristic of the early phase of futurist manifestos. Zaum or transrational language is a literary method that consists of a complete or partial rejection of all or some elements of natural language and their replacement with other elements or structures that are analogously perceived as linguistic. In this system of a higher order, the stellar language introduces a significant correction, thanks to which the poetics of naked sonority will very early follow the path of “semasiologizing sounds”. Unlike internal declension, where the semantic valence of the vowel sound of the base is important, in the stellar language the semantic valence of the first consonant is important. It defines the semantic volume of the entire word, turning into a sound expression of the idea embedded in it. Khlebnikov came to this provision in 1913. The construction of a universal language based on the principle of semantic valence of initial consonants is Khlebnikov’s favorite theme. The main idea in the article is that Khlebnikov shifted the center of gravity in poetry from the question of sonority to the question of meaning. Those who talk about Khlebnikov's "nonsense" should reconsider this question. This is not nonsense, but a new semantic system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gayane Hovhannesyan, Vanuhi Safyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
COLOR DESIGNATIONS AS THE BASIS OF AN ASSOCIATIVE-FIGURATIVE SERIES IN THE NOVEL BY E. I. ZAMYATIN "WE"
Color designations and color symbolism are a bright component of the text as an artistic whole. It is accompanied by the figurative structure of the work and plays an important, perhaps the main role, in the construction of the figurative hierarchy. Roman E.I. Zamyatin's "We" is one of such works. The author uses a rich range of colors in the novel, which gives rise to a wide variety of color symbolism, color terms, color associations and images in the text. The article focuses on three colors and their shades - pink, blue and green. The use of these colors underlies the construction of two main images of the novel - freedom and unfreedom. The hierarchy of the main characters, flashing faces and details, led by the narrator, one way or another comes down to freedom and unfreedom as the main idea of ​​the work and the basis of human existence. We turn to the varied use of names, be it metaphorization, various derivations, inclusion in certain thematic fields, building oppositions. Colors are emotionally filled with heterogeneous content. We consider them from pink, symbolizing freedom, naturalness, to green, which in the context of the novel is a shade of poison, toxicity, a color symbolizing betrayal, anxiety, lack of freedom. Blue is the most thematically complex color in the novel. The range of meanings it expresses varies from pleasant, sky blue, associated with freedom, to impersonal, cold blue, blue, shades of gray, symbolizing facelessness, betrayal, and alienation. Through the complex use of color, the author seems to be telling us about the complex structure of the world in difficult times. When it depends on the human will to live simply, openly, sincerely, or to live difficultly, immersed in duplicity, complicating the world beyond recognition.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gayane Hovhannesyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
“THE CLUTCH LABYRINTH“: A MANICHEAN MYSTERY IN A CHILDREN'S SONG AND GOGOL'S PHYTOSEMANTICS
The article examines possible reasons for the juxtaposition of two motives in the works of N.V. Gogol – the phytosemantic motive and the motive of family kinship, offspring, and fertility. The phytosemantic motive, associated with the motive of fertility, has its own specifics. Its representatives are references to garden crops: pumpkin, watermelon, cucumber, etc. This strange connection may go back to Manichaean ideas or ritual magic.
Copyright (c) 2026 Elena Poltavets https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
GENDER STRUCTURE IN THE "DEFICIT" NOVEL BY IVAN SHCHEGOLIKHIN
The gender structure of Kazakhstani writer Ivan Shchegolikhin's novel "Deficit" reflects intrafamilial gender conflict, as well as the masculine gender identities of the protagonist and the author. The novel's masculine-feminine field is equally divided between the surgeon Malyshev and his wife, Marina. Externally, the protagonist's masculine gender is fully realized, but internally, it is completely undermined. Masculine and feminine gender in the novel are characterized through portraiture (costume), chronotope (home, surgical ward), and object details. The protagonist is presented within a masculine and professional environment, in which feminine characteristics are minimally blurred.
Copyright (c) 2026 Natalia Svidova, Nurzhamal Khozhamkulova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
POETIC IMAGERY OF LEONID HURUNTS' FLASH FICTION
The article develops the poetic imagery of Leonid Hurunts’ flash fiction. Being an Armenian, L. Hurunts wrote his works in Russian. He wrote about Karabakh, where he was born and raised. He is the author of novels, stories, essays, but the short story, novella, lyrical miniature are the forms that best correspond to the character of his talent. Hurunts wrote over two hundred miniatures and novellas. The miniatures belonging to the pen of Hurunts are diverse in content: here are both memories of childhood, recollections of war, and stories about peasants of Karabakh. Hurunts' miniatures are characterized by deep philosophical content, polysemy, and symbolism. The writer focuses on the most important thing. Many of Hurunts' heroes are eccentrics, dreamers, and real craftsmen. The writer is convinced that there should be a little eccentricity in every person. And a person without a quirk is naked and pathetic. The cycle of miniatures is accompanied by short everyday sketches, notes - retellings of folk anecdotes, true stories and fables. The writer is attracted to the world of simple laborers and craftsmen who decorate their land. Hurunts paints the inner world of his characters sparingly, and this reveals the uniqueness of his creative style. The writer is interested in a human being in his behavior and labor. A large place among Hurunts' miniatures is occupied by stylized parables in the folk spirit. The writer’s imagery of many parables and their transformation into poetry is attracting. The parables about Buldi Mukuch, whom Hurunts calls "our Molla Nasreddin from Karabakh" are particularly interesting. Hurunts' lyrical miniatures are most often inspired by memories of those people and events that remained in his memory as an expression of the national spirit of his native Karabakh. Karabakh is the center of the Universe for Hurunts. In his miniatures he recreated the colorful, expressive images of the inhabitants of this amazing region. The best lyrical miniatures, novellas and stories by Leonid Hurunts expressed the uniqueness of his artistic world and took their rightful place not only in the writer’s creative work, but also in the history of the genre.
Copyright (c) 2026 Karinе Sukiasyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
MOTIVES FOR BLOOD TRANSFUSION AND THE PROBLEM OF "SOCIAL VAMPIRISM" IN THE NOVELS OF A.A. BOGDANOV "RED STAR" AND "ENGINEER MANNY"
The article examines the motives of blood transfusion and "social vampirism" in Alexander Bogdanov's novels "Red Star" and "Engineer Manny" as key elements of the author's utopian model. The action of both novels takes place in a Martian society that has embarked on the path of communist development. Blood transfusion in the novel "Red Star" acts as a symbol of physical and moral unity, allowing one to achieve social harmony based on physiological interdependence and organic involvement. This process reflects A. Bogdanov's attempt to construct an image of a future communist society in which there is no alienation between the individual and the collective. In the novel "Engineer Manny", a more complex and ambivalent picture emerges: despite the achieved transformations, rudiments of old, parasitic mechanisms remain in society - elements of "social vampirism", expressed in attempts by individuals to use others as a resource. Thus, A. Bogdanov demonstrates not only an idealized but also a critical view of the possibility of completely overcoming exploitative models in the future society. The analysis emphasizes the importance of physiological metaphors in the construction of a social utopia and reveals the internal tension between the ideal and the remnants of the past. A. Bogdanov's ideas were transformed by the Soviet elite into the form of an esoterically colored political doctrine. This doctrine assumed that the foundation of the future society would be not only ideological unity, but also physiological interpenetration, expressed in the form of a symbolic "blood brotherhood."
Copyright (c) 2026 Tadevos Tadevosyan , Meri Sahakyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
EXPRESSIVE VOCABULARY IN M.A. BULGAKOV'S "THE MASTER AND MARGARITA" ARMENIAN TRANSLATIONS
The author of the article examines the functional and stylistic adequacy of Mikhail Bulgakov's "The Master and Margarita"Armenian translations. One of the most important pragmatic aspects in translating Bulgakov's novel is the conveyance of connotations, as the characters' speech is full of irony and expression. A. Hovhannisyan's translation (1985) emphasizes lexical adequacy, while L. Dallakyan's translation (2024) is more relaxed and stresses functional and stylistic adequacy. Hovhannisyan's translation often loses expressive nuances, colloquial and dialectal vocabulary is often replaced with neutral. Therefore, the new translation has actually been expected and justified.
Copyright (c) 2026 Konstantin Martirosyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Ethnolinguistics is an interdisciplinary field of study that focuses on the relationship between language and culture. This article examines the definition of the concepts of "ethnolinguistics" and ethnography, including key concepts, meaning, subject, goal and issues. An analysis of the scientific literature shows that the central concept is the hypothesis of linguistic relativity, which states that the structure of a language influences the perception and thinking of its bearers. The article is devoted to a review of the works of linguists, linguists-scientists, which contain the study of Slavic antiquities in its mythological foundations. The article includes field research, interviews and folklore analysis. Particular attention is paid to the connection between ethnolinguistics and ethnography. The discussion emphasizes the importance of ethnolinguistics for understanding cultural processes through language, emphasizing the need for continued research in this area to deeply explore the relationships between language and culture. Particular attention in the article is drawn to the fact that ethnolinguistics as a section of linguistics orients the researcher to the consideration of the relationship between language and spiritual culture, folk language, creativity, their interdependence and different types of their correspondence. The article cites the assertion of N.I. Tolstoy, the founder of the Slavic linguistic school, that for ethnolinguistics it is essential to consider not only the reflection of folk culture, psychology and mythological ideas in language, but also the constructive role of language and its impact on the formation and functioning of folk culture, folk psychology and folk art. The object of ethnolinguistics is all the constituent components of language, both in its oral form (folklore, dialect) and in all the diversity of written texts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Аida Gareginyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE SYNTACTIC STRUCTURES OF RUSSIAN PHRASEOLOGY
The article is devoted to analyzing the structures of Russian idioms, which have structures of simple sentences and complex sentences. The analysis shows that phrases in Russian are built on the models of simple two-part, simple one-part, complex co-ordinate and complex subordinate clauses.
Copyright (c) 2026 Srbuhi Lambarjyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
STRUCTURAL FORMULAS OF TWO-COMPONENT AND THREE-COMPONENT MILITARY TERMINOLOGICAL COMBINATIONS AND FEATURES OF THEIR TRANSLATION
The article is devoted to the structural models of two-component and three-component military terminological combinations, which are widely represented in modern English-language military discourse. The paper analyzes the frequency formulas of terms, as well as the difficulties encountered in translating such combinations into Russian and Armenian. Special attention is paid to the N+N, A+N, N+N+N, A+A+N, A+N+N models and hyphenated composites.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kristina Muradyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
ON SOME PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS CHARACTERIZING A PERSON IN RUSSIAN AND ARMENIAN
Comparative phraseology in its modern understanding is a special field of research aimed at identifying similarities and differences between phraseological units of various languages. The object of study in comparative phraseology is, in principle, the entire spectrum of formal and semantic characteristics of phraseological units, with the subject of analysis being not only separate phraseological units but also groups of expressions united by one feature or another. Within the framework of this article, the traditionally distinguished types of interlingual equivalence will be submitted to the following three classes: “full equivalents”, “partial equivalents”, “non-equivalent”.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anahit Vardanyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
MULTIMODALITY AS A KEY FEATURE OF CONTEMPORARY ADVERTISING TEXTS (BASED ON ARMENIAN, RUSSIAN, AND ENGLISH ADVERTISING TEXTS)
The article is devoted to the study of multimodality as a key characteristic of modern digital advertising. Based on a corpus of advertising texts in Armenian, Russian, and English, and within the framework of the social semiotic approach (G. Kress, T. van Leeuwen), the integration of verbal and non-verbal modes is analyzed: text, image, color, font, emojis, and hashtags. It is argued that multimodality serves as a universal tool for creating a soft manipulative effect, aimed at enhancing emotional impact and prompting consumer action. Cross-cultural analysis revealed a commonality in the basic strategies of using multimodal means across different linguocultural contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Spartak Mkhitaryan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
LINGUISTIC DESCRIPTION OF SPECIALIZED TEXTS OF CADETS OF AVIATION UNIVERSITIES
The article presents a description of the profile texts of cadets of aviation universities, which is aimed at identifying system-forming lexical and grammatical features. The description is based on a preliminary study of the relevant specialized texts through the NCRL, as well as texts of specialized literature on the specified topic. The linguistic examination of the profile texts of cadets of aviation universities carried out in the article will help to competently develop a methodological system of professionally-oriented RFL training.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vlada Avedyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
MAIN APPROACHES AND METHODS OF TEACHING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TO THE ARMENIAN AUDIENCE
Teaching Russian as a foreign language in the Republic of Armenia is one of the most important and pressing problems today. The article analyzes the main approaches and modern methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language at the initial stage, and also presents a Russian language textbook for beginners, created in collaboration with Russian specialists in Armenia and tested in various universities of the republic. In the textbook, the RFL methodology is adapted both for Armenian students who do not speak Russian and for foreign citizens coming to the Republic of Armenia In the textbook, the RKI methodology is adapted both for Armenian students who do not speak Russian and for foreign citizens who come to the RA and want to study Russian.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nune Ayvazyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
COMMON MISTAKES IN TEACHING RUSSIAN SYNTAX TO TRANSLATORS OF A HUMANITIES UNIVERSITY (USING A BUSINESS LETTER AS AN EXAMPLE)
The article examines common mistakes in teaching Russian syntax to translators of a humanities university (using a business letter as an example). It is determined that the importance of teaching syntax to translators of a humanities university should cover all levels of language proficiency within the written language. It is noted that when composing a business letter, a translator should not only be guided by the information presented, but also take into account the peculiarities of the documentation, comply with the basic requirements of the standards and stylistic rules of the language into which the text is being translated. It is concluded that teaching the syntax of business letters to translators should be focused on solving the main tasks: taking into account the specifics of syntactic constructions of Russian business letters, analysis of the lexical composition of the syntactic construction, lexical compatibility, rules of design within the framework of a phrase, sentence, text, analysis of the structure of a business letter as a whole, their differences in the original and translated versions, assimilation of clear standards of writing, formulations and cliches with analysis in theory and in practice, focusing on the systematic structure of a business letter, its semantic content and the adequacy of the choice of certain linguistic means of translating syntactic constructions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Evelina Babakhanyan, Angela Mesropyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
LINGUACULTURAL ASPECT IN TEACHING RUSSIAN TO STUDENTS DURING PRACTICAL SPEECH CULTURE CLASS (Based on Experience at the Faculty of Tourism)
Linguaculturolog is one of the main areas of linguistics, itis a science that studies culture, customs and traditions, which are formed through the interaction of language and culture, and are reflected in the language of all peoples. With the development of the tourism industry the issue of professional training of students as future specialists in this field arises. Therefore, the linguacultural specificity in tourism involves representing a unique image of a region that conveys information about various types of tourism: spiritual, cultural, educational, etc. This all is transmitted using specific figurative speech means (tropes, idioms) and stylistic devices. Based on the four types of speech activities a system of exercises of receptive, reproductive and productive nature was developed.
Copyright (c) 2026 Meline Avagjan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
ON THE RELEVANCE OF STUDYING THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IN A MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
This article is devoted to relevant issues of increasing motivation in studying the Russian language at a medical university. The article analyzes the current state of this issue and suggests methods and techniques for developing the motivational sphere of students learning Russian in the context of Armenia. The article also addresses topical problems of the theory and practice of teaching Russian in a foreign-language audience with the aim of mastering the language effectively as a means of professional activity, as well as the role of teaching in the learning process.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tatiana Grigoryan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE USE OF THE PROJECT METHOD IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE LESSONS AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPING STUDENTS' COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE
The article discusses the features of using the project method in teaching the Russian language. The effectiveness of project-based activities for the development of communicative competence, as well as research and creative skills of students, is justified. Examples of project topics, forms of organization, and practical recommendations for teachers are provided. Special attention is paid to the role of teamwork, independence, and reflection in the educational process.
Copyright (c) 2026 Natalia Manukyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
ANALYTICAL READING AS A MEANS TO FORM SOCIOCULTURAL COMPETENCES
The article tries to revisit the educational approaches to literary text. Not denying the literature the functions of forming a personality, the author raises the question of its implementation in education, in particular, in teaching foreign languages, more precisely, Russian as Foreign Language. In the 21 st century, the approach to education is determined by how successfully it forms competences that are in demand in real life for many years to come. According to the author, to fulfill the competence-based tasks of teaching foreign languages one should somewhat shift the emphasis from the linguacultural competence to the sociocultural competence, especially given the fact that they complement each other in influencing the cognitive advancement of the learner. In the article, the author is consistently advocating for the relevance of the sociocultural competence in mobilizing the wide education potential to develop skills of learning nonprimary languages, on the one hand, and the relevance of analytical reading in it, on the other. One could say that even a few years before the educational standards were adopted in the Republic of Armenia (before 2016), the Ayb School, through its motto “Understand and Do,” not only adopted the competence-based education, but also envisioned the vector of forming and developing sociocultural competence. As regards the course of Russian as Foreign Language, the groups with the Ayb “standards,” as the article intends to show, design it as part of analytical reading, starting from 7 th grade, i.e. from the advanced basic level (A2+ according to CEFR). Later in the article, the author outlines the contours of the teaching tactics to develop skills of analytical reading leading to coherent speech both oral and written (speaking and writing). The article ends with excerpts from the students’ works that demonstrate “flashes” of the sociocultural competence, and the conclusion that organized, evaluated, supported, and mentally transformed reading forms the sociocultural competence and it is its modest, but weighty contribution to forming real lifelong experience of the students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gayane Markosyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Modern approaches to teaching RFL focus on communicative and intercultural competence, the ability to competently and adequately use a foreign language in real-life situations. The case study method allows you to model real situations in which the student does not just use the language, but solves problems based on the context, communication partner and cultural environment. The use of cases in RFL lessons meets modern requirements for language education: they make lessons interactive, focused and close to real communication, contributing to the formation of confident and flexible users of Russian as a foreign language.
Copyright (c) 2026 Karina Hovhannisyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
MODEL OF PHONO-LEXICAL ACCUMULATION BY MEANS OF DIFFERENTIATED SUBSTITUTION IN BILINGUAL RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (RFL) INSTRUCTION
This article presents the Phono-Lexical Accumulation through Differentiated Substitution (PLADS) model, designed for bilingual instruction in Russian as a foreign language (RFL) for primary school learners whose native language is Armenian. The model conceptualizes substitution not as a learning error but as a temporary, pedagogically managed strategy facilitating the acquisition of complex Russian phonemes and graphemes. PLADS comprises four progressive blocks: identification of “trigger” phonemes/graphemes, formation of a substitution core and vocabulary accumulation, phonemic differentiation and substitution breakdown, and final integration of new elements into free speech and writing. The model draws upon psycholinguistic factors, the theory of implicit learning, the activity-based approach, and contrastive linguistic analysis. Interference is reinterpreted not as an obstacle but as a developmental mechanism, which can be harnessed to structure and internalize phonetic and lexical units effectively. This model can be implemented in RFL programs for Armenian-speaking bilingual children and adapted to other language combinations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Koryun Ohanyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE CONTRAST OF TRADITIONAL AND MODERN TEACHING OF RFL
The article examines the contrast of traditional and modern foreign language teaching, including the teaching of RFL. Foreign language teaching methodology is analysed through the contrastive correlation of traditional and modern teaching. Both the advantages and disadvantages of traditional language teaching are explored, as well as their influence on modern methods. The perspectives of teaching foreign languages and RFL are considered from the position of highlighting modern teaching as the most effective, in the context of blending traditional and modern methodologies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Elena Shahinyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
DIGITAL STORYTELLING – AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO INCREASING STUDENT MOTIVATION IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
The article is devoted to the study of such a trend in education as storytelling and its impact on increasing motivation and engagement of students. In the modern educational process, it is important not only to transfer knowledge to students, but to make sure that they are involved, deeply learn the material and at the same time develop critical thinking skills. Storytelling is a successful tool for achieving these goals. The article presents the results of studies comparing teaching using storytelling with teaching using conventional methods. Positive and negative features of digital storytelling in the educational process are identified. A multimedia approach to storytelling is revealed. An example of transmedia storytelling is considered - a project about the Russian language "Why?", which was developed by a student of the Department of Journalism of St. Petersburg State University of Printing Arts and implemented in 2023. The idea of ​​the project is to involve schoolchildren in the editorial activities of the project. The results of the project were an increase in media literacy among schoolchildren; monitoring the interests of the target audience; the formation of a linguistic personality. The authors conclude that storytelling as a technology of game-based learning should not be an end in itself; in the educational process it is necessary to achieve goal-setting and effectiveness in solving educational and professional tasks using elements of storytelling in the educational process.
Copyright (c) 2026 Klara Sharafadina , Margarita Belomestnova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE ARTISTIC REPRESENTATION OF THE SKY IN RUSSIAN LITERATURE: METHODICAL ASPECT
This article examines typical secondary school curricula and "new generation" textbooks on Russian literature in the Republic of Kazakhstan. When studying the topic "The Artistic Rendering of the Sky in Literature," an important role is played by the distribution of educational materials, which fosters a communicative focus in learning. A specific sequence is proposed for selecting literary texts, allowing students to trace the transformation of poetic thinking in the literary process and the dynamic expansion of authors' figurative and expressive means as they become familiar with the works.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gulzhan Shashkina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
TRANSLANGUAGING IN ACTION: SHAPING BILINGUAL COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES
This study examines the discursive manifestations of translingualism and transculturalism, emphasizing the linguistic specificities of contemporary bilingual environments. The research applies and expands upon S. Gural’s notions of the interdependence of discourse and socio-cultural practice, as well as the context-discourse relationship in modern bilingualism. The bilingual individual operates within a dynamic interaction of linguistic and cultural frameworks, simultaneously shaping and being shaped by discursive and cognitive-communicative processes of both their native and acquired sociocultures. This interplay fosters the emergence of novel discourses, conceptual reinterpretations, and innovative linguistic phenomena, which are central to bilingual speech production. The recombination and reinterpretation of semiotic forms within bilingual discourse contribute to the expansion of linguistic creativity, enabling more complex intercultural dialogues. In the context of globalization, interlinguistic communication plays a pivotal role in shaping linguistic consciousness and the conceptual worldview of bilingual individuals. The evolution of bilingual discourse practices reflects a communicative paradigm that transcends singular cultural boundaries, ultimately manifesting a form of discourse that exists "beyond culture." Thus, the bilingual linguistic personality exemplifies the simultaneous integration and negotiation of diverse linguistic and cultural phenomena within their verbal behavior, reinforcing the dynamic interplay of translingualism and transculturalism in contemporary society.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zhanna Aloyan , Svetlana Barseghyan , Nare Hovhannisyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
COMPUTER-ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING (CALL) IN MEDICAL EDUCATION
This article, " Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) in Medical Education," honors the memory of Professor Mikhail Davidovich Amirkhanyan and examines the transformative role of CALL in modern medical education. It presents CALL as more than a teaching aid—rather, a dynamic and adaptive approach that integrates digital tools, artificial intelligence, and multimedia to foster professional fluency in foreign languages. Focusing on tailored strategies such as specialized vocabulary modules, real-time communication practice, and mobile learning applications, the study highlights how CALL enhances both linguistic competence and cultural sensitivity. It also addresses key challenges in implementation and offers practical solutions to support its integration into medical curricula. The article concludes that CALL is not merely a pedagogical innovation but a necessary instrument in preparing globally competent healthcare professionals for the demands of contemporary clinical practice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Amalia Abrahamyan, Alina Hayrapetyan, Svetlana Nalbandyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0